Elucidating the Anatomical Features, Adaptive and Ecological Significance of Kopsia fruticosa Roxb. (Apocynaceae)

Anatomical characteristics play a pivotal role in understanding the evolutionary relationship among various plant taxa and identifying species of pharmacological importance. Though anatomical features family Apocynaceae have been widely recognized, there is limited research on stem wood anatomy Kopsia fruticosa, whereas nothing was previously known about its root anatomy. The present work describes analyses correlates with habitat ecology this plant. oval shape young presence unicellular trichomes, stone cells pith region, laticiferous canals, calcium oxalate crystals, vascular bundles two different sizes, viz., smaller broad, flattened region more prominent narrow sides, are remarkable plant, which collectively may often be helpful distinguishing K. fruticosa from other genus. Apart qualitative Apocynaceae, coalescence pit aperture storied pattern vessels newly observed subfamily Rauvofiòideae. On hand, wood, wider (33–64 μm), less frequent (about 53% stem), shorter, rays larger (21–46 height) than those wood; these valuable findings strongly support non-climbing nature studied vulnerability mesomorphy indices for 0.914 349, respectively, indicating plants’ adaptation toward mesic habitat. correlation traits plants represents their survivability situations. Consequently, such as intraxylary phloem, vessel grouping, vessels, simple perforation plate, intervascular vestured pits suggest that can tolerate drought. We firmly believe study’s outcome fulfil gaps hardy